Sciatica: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Guide

SCIATICA

Understanding Inflammation of Spinal Nerve Roots

DEFINITION & PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

What is Sciatica?

ETIOLOGY

Common Causes & Biological Mechanisms

Herniated Disc

Soft gelatinous core protrudes through fibrous ring → direct pressure on nerve root.

Osteophytes (Bone Spurs)

From osteoarthritis → cartilage wears out → new bone formation → narrowing of openings → nerve root compression.

Inflammatory Response

Herniated disc releases chemical irritants and pro-inflammatory cytokines → swelling, pain, irritation of nerve root.

SYMPTOMS

Lumbar Spine (Lower Back)

Shooting/burning pain from lower back → buttock → leg

Paresthesia: tingling, numbness, "goosebumps"

Muscle weakness in lower extremities

Cervical Spine (Neck)

Pain/tingling/numbness: neck → shoulder → arm → hand

Weakness in arm/hand muscles

DIAGNOSIS

How is it Diagnosed?

Step 1: Neurological Examination

Deep tendon reflexes, muscle strength, sensory perception, dermatomes

Step 2: MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)

Detailed soft tissue view, herniated discs, compressed nerve roots, inflammatory changes

CONCLUSION

Key Takeaways

Sciatica is a common neurological condition caused by inflammation and compression of spinal nerve roots.

Linked to disc herniation and osteophytes, leading to mechanical pressure and inflammatory response using.

Symptoms include sharp pain, paraesthesia, and muscle weakness, varying by the affected spinal level.

Medications

Anti-inflammatories, NSAIDs, and muscle relaxants to manage acute pain.

Physical Therapy

Guided exercises to improve posture, flexibility, and core strength.

Surgical Intervention

Microdiscectomy or laminectomy for severe, persistent cases.

Understanding biological mechanisms is crucial for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment.