# Martinez v. Bynum: Case Study on Residency & Public Education
> Explore Martinez v. Bynum (1983), a landmark legal case regarding residency requirements, equal access to schooling, and the 14th Amendment.

Tags: martinez-v-bynum, civil-rights, supreme-court, education-law, 14th-amendment, legal-case-study, public-schooling
## Martinez v. Bynum | 461 U.S. 321 (1983)
* Legal case overview presenting the conflict between residency requirements and public education access.

## What Happened?
* Roberto Morales, a U.S. citizen living in Reynosa, Mexico, moved to McAllen, Texas in 1977 to attend school.
* McAllen ISD denied tuition-free enrollment based on Texas Education Code §21.031(d), which restricted minors living apart from parents for the primary purpose of schooling.

## The Plaintiff
* Oralia Martinez sued on behalf of her brother, Roberto Morales.
* Argument: Texas law violated the Equal Protection Clause, Due Process Clause, and Privileges and Immunities Clause of the 14th Amendment.

## The Defendant
* Leonard Bynum (Superintendent of McAllen ISD) and the Texas Commissioner of Education.
* Argument: The law protected local resources and was a legitimate 'bona fide' residency requirement applied equally to all minors.

## Round 1 — The District Court
* U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Texas ruled in favor of the defendant.
* The court upheld the statute, citing a legitimate state interest in preserving educational quality for district residents.
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