# Revolutions of the 18th Century: American, French, Haitian
> Explore the causes, leaders, and outcomes of the American, French, and Haitian revolutions and their roots in Enlightenment thinking.

Tags: world-history, american-revolution, french-revolution, haitian-revolution, enlightenment, educational, social-studies
## Revolutions of the 18th Century
An overview of the American, French, and Haitian revolutions.

## The American Revolution (1775-1783)
* **Causes:** British debt from French & Indian War, 'No Taxation Without Representation', and acts like the Stamp and Tea Acts.
* **Enlightenment Influence:** John Locke’s natural rights (Life, Liberty, Property) and the Social Contract.
* **Leaders:** George Washington (Military), Thomas Jefferson (Declaration Author), Benjamin Franklin (Diplomacy).
* **Roles of Women:** Daughters of Liberty (boycotts), spies like Agent 355, and soldiers like Deborah Sampson.
* **Outcome:** Treaty of Paris (1783) recognized US independence; established a republic but maintained slavery.

## The French Revolution (1789-1799)
* **Causes:** Massive inequality (The Three Estates where 97% paid all taxes), starvation, and national debt.
* **Ideal:** 'Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité' and Rousseau’s Popular Sovereignty.
* **Leaders:** Maximilien Robespierre (Committee of Public Safety) and King Louis XVI.
* **Reign of Terror:** 40,000 executed via guillotine under Robespierre's radical dictatorship.
* **Outcome:** Ended with Napoleon Bonaparte’s coup d'état in 1799, transitioning from a monarchy to an empire.

## The Haitian Revolution (1791-1804)
* **Causes:** Brutal slavery in Saint-Domingue (500,000 enslaved vs. 30,000 owners) and Enlightenment ideals of universal freedom.
* **Leaders:** Toussaint Louverture (General/Diplomat) and Jean-Jacques Dessalines.
* **Roles of Women:** Cécile Fatiman (spiritual leader) and Sanité Bélair (warrior lieutenant).
* **Outcome:** Only successful slave revolt in history; formed the first Black Republic; total abolition of slavery.

## Comparing the Revolutions
* **American:** Focused on political change and removing the King.
* **French:** Aimed for social class overhaul; resulted in a dictatorship.
* **Haitian:** Achieved both political independence and the total end of social slavery.
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