# Ammonia Removal Using Emulsion Liquid Membrane Research
> Explore a novel study on ammonia removal using palm-oil based Emulsion Liquid Membrane (ELM) and synergistic carrier optimization for wastewater treatment.

Tags: ammonia-removal, chemical-engineering, wastewater-treatment, emulsion-liquid-membrane, green-technology, palm-oil, carrier-optimization
## Ammonia Removal Using Emulsion Liquid Membrane

*   **Project Title:** Ammonia Removal Using Emulsion Liquid Membrane: Synergistic Carrier Optimization for Enhanced Extraction Efficiency.
*   **Author:** Muhamad Fahmi Riyono, supervised by Dr. Shuhada Atika Binti Idrus Saidi (June 2026).

## Introduction and Background
*   **Problem:** Ammonia (NH₃) in wastewater leads to eutrophication, oxygen depletion, and aquatic toxicity.
*   **Conventional Limitations:** Existing methods like biological treatment, air stripping, and ion exchange face high energy costs, scaling issues, and low selectivity.

## Research Objectives & Scope
*   **Objective 1:** Screen single carriers (D2EHPA, Cyanex 272, TOA, TBP) at concentrations of 0.1 – 0.5 M.
*   **Objective 2:** Investigate synergistic carrier formulations (D2EHPA combined with Cyanex 272, TBP, or TOA) to maximize efficiency.

## ELM Process & Components
*   **System Type:** Water-in-Oil-in-Water (W/O/W) double emulsion.
*   **External Phase:** Wastewater containing NH₃.
*   **Membrane Phase:** Made of Palm Oil (green diluent), Span 80 (surfactant), and Carriers.
*   **Internal Phase:** H₂SO₄ stripping agent (optimal concentration 0.18 M).

## Methodology
*   **Equipment:** High-speed homogenizer (5,000–20,000 rpm) for W/O emulsion.
*   **Analysis:** UV-Vis spectrophotometry to measure residual ammonia.
*   **Efficiency Formula:** RE(%) = (Ci – Cf) / Ci × 100.

## Expected Results & Significance
*   Palm oil is expected to perform comparably to petroleum diluents as a biodegradable alternative.
*   Synergistic carriers are expected to reach up to 90-99% extraction efficiency.
*   Supports UN SDGs: SDG 6 (Clean Water), SDG 9 (Industry Innovation), and SDG 14 (Life Below Water).
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