# Fluid Mechanics & Thermodynamics Engineering Fundamentals
> Explore core mechanical engineering concepts including fluid properties, Pascal's law, Bernoulli's equation, and the laws of thermodynamics with examples.

Tags: mechanical-engineering, fluid-mechanics, thermodynamics, bernoulli-equation, pascals-law, hydraulic-turbines, sfee, physics
## Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics Fundamentals
Technical overview of mechanical engineering principles for MET001.

## Fluid Properties
* **Density (ρ):** Mass per unit volume (kg/m³).
* **Specific Gravity (SG):** Ratio of fluid density to water density.
* **Viscosity (μ):** Resistance to flow (Pa·s).
* **Surface Tension (σ):** Cohesive force causing capillary action.

## Types of Fluids
* **Newtonian:** Constant viscosity (e.g., Water, Air).
* **Non-Newtonian:** Viscosity changes with shear rate (e.g., Blood, Paint).
* **Compressibility:** Liquids (incompressible) vs Gases (compressible).

## Fundamental Fluid Laws
* **Newton's Law of Viscosity:** τ = μ(du/dy).
* **Pascal's Law:** Pressure in an enclosed fluid is transmitted equally; used in hydraulic lifts (F₁/A₁ = F₂/A₂).
* **Bernoulli's Equation:** P/ρg + v²/2g + z = Constant; relates pressure, velocity, and elevation heads.

## Hydraulic Machinery
* **Turbines:** Pelton (Impulse), Francis (Mixed), and Kaplan (Axial).
* **Pumps:** Centrifugal Pumps (velocity to pressure conversion) and Reciprocating Pumps (positive displacement).

## Thermodynamics Principles
* **Zeroth Law:** Defines thermal equilibrium and temperature measurement.
* **First Law:** Q = ΔU + W; principle of conservation of energy.
* **Processes:** Distinction between Flow (open system) and Non-Flow (closed system) work.

## Steady Flow Energy Equation (SFEE)
* Equation: Q - W = (h₂ - h₁) + ½(V₂² - V₁²) + g(z₂ - z₁).
* Applied to open systems likes turbines, compressors, nozzles, and boilers.
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