# Paediatric Respiratory & ENT Emergencies | Medical Revision
> Master childhood asthma, bronchiolitis, pneumonia, croup, and cystic fibrosis. UKMLA-aligned revision with practice SBA questions and clinical pearls.

Tags: paediatrics, asthma-management, bronchiolitis, pneumonia, ukmla, medical-education, cystic-fibrosis
## Paediatric Respiratory & ENT Emergencies
- Educational session covering common childhood conditions and clinical reasoning aligned with UKMLA.

## Section 1: Asthma
- **Diagnosis:** Clinical for under-5s; spirometry (FEV1/FVC <70%) and reversibility (≥12%) for over-5s.
- **Management:** Stepwise BTS/SIGN guidelines from SABA PRN to high-dose ICS + LABA.
- **Acute Severity:** Classified by SpO2, PEFR, speech, and respiratory rate (e.g., Severe if SpO2 <92%).

## Section 2: Bronchiolitis
- **Cause:** Typically RSV (75-80% of cases).
- **Management:** Supportive care only (O2 if SpO2 <92%, NG feeds if taking <50% normal).
- **Key Note:** Salbutamol and steroids are NOT indicated.

## Section 3: Pneumonia & LRTI
- **Bacterial vs Viral:** Bacterial presents with high fever and focal consolidation; Viral with gradual onset and bilateral wheeze.
- **Treatment:** Amoxicillin is first-line for uncomplicated CAP.

## Section 4: Croup vs Epiglottitis
- **Croup:** Barking cough, 'steeple sign' on CXR, treated with single-dose oral dexamethasone.
- **Epiglottitis:** Drooling, toxic look, 'thumbprint sign'; **CRITICAL:** Do not examine the throat.

## Section 5: Cystic Fibrosis
- **Genetics:** Autosomal recessive; F508del is the most common mutation.
- **Diagnosis:** Gold standard is the Sweat Chloride Test (≥60 mmol/L).
- **Management:** High-calorie diet, PERT (Creon), and CFTR modulators like Kaftrio.
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