# Refraction of Light: Physics Investigatory Project
> Explore the laws of refraction, Snell's Law, and refractive indices in this comprehensive physics study on the bending of light through different media.

Tags: physics-project, refraction, snells-law, optics, light-experiment, science-investigation, refractive-index
## Investigatory Project on Refraction
*   **Topic:** Exploring the Bending of Light through transparent media.
*   **Educational Context:** High School Physics (NCERT Class 12 standard).

## Introduction to Refraction
*   Refraction occurs when light passes from one medium to another with a different optical density.
*   Calculated based on speed changes: Light is fastest in air, slower in water, and slowest in glass.

## Theory & Laws of Refraction
*   **Snell's Law:** The ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence (i) to the sine of the angle of refraction (r) is constant (sin i / sin r = μ₂ / μ₁).
*   **Second Law:** The incident ray, refracted ray, and the normal at the point of incidence all lie in the same plane.
*   **Travel Path:** Light bends towards the normal when entering a denser medium and away from the normal when entering a rarer medium.

## Apparatus Required
*   Rectangular glass slab
*   Drawing board and white paper
*   Protractor, pins, and sharp pencil

## Observations and Results
*   **Refractive Indices:** Values compared for Air (1), Water (1.33), Glass (1.52-1.65), and Diamond (2.42).
*   **Experimental Result:** The emergent ray from a glass slab is parallel to the incident ray but laterally displaced.
*   **Snell's Law Verification:** Constant ratio found to be approximately 1.5 for the glass used.

## Conclusion
*   The experiment confirmed that light changes direction at media interfaces based on optical density, a principle fundamental to lenses, prisms, and optical instruments.
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