# Nursing Care for Vascular Disorders & Patient Management
> Comprehensive nursing guide to vascular care, covering hypertension, PAD, VTE, and aneurysms. Learn diagnostic tools, risk factors, and interventions.

Tags: vascular-nursing, hypertension-care, peripheral-arterial-disease, vte-prevention, nursing-education, patient-care-framework
## Vascular Disorders: Nursing Concepts
* Overview of care from hypertension to medical emergencies.

## Hypertension: The Silent Killer
* Pathology involves increased SNS activity and the RAAS system.
* Targets: Eyes, brain, heart, and kidneys.

## Risk Factors
* **Modifiable:** Smoking, sedentary lifestyle, obesity, alcohol, stress, and electrolyte imbalances (K+, Ca++, Mg++).
* **Non-Modifiable:** Age, gender, family history, ethnicity, and kidney damage.

## Atherosclerosis & PAD
* Root cause: Plaque accumulation leading to ischemia.
* **Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD):** Symptoms include intermittent claudication, hair loss on legs, and decreased pulses.
* **Walking Program:** Structured walking 3x/week significantly improves mobility.

## Leg Ulcers & VTE
* **Venous Ulcers:** Large, weeping, irregular.
* **Arterial Ulcers:** Small, deep, circular, necrotic.
* **Virchow's Triad:** Stasis, vessel wall injury, and altered coagulation lead to DVT/VTE.

## Critical Positioning Interventions
* **Arterial Disease:** Legs down (gravity assists flow).
* **Venous Disease:** Legs up (gravity assists drainage).

## Aneurysm Safety (AAA)
* Indicators: Pulsing abdominal mass and bruit.
* **Safety Rule:** Do not palpate the mass.
* Rupture signs: Severe pain, shock (hypotension), and diaphoresis.

## Diagnostic Tools
* **ABI:** Ratio < 0.9 indicates PAD.
* **Doppler & Angiography:** Used to map flow and locate occlusions.

## Management Strategies
* **Lifestyle:** Smoking cessation and weight management.
* **Meds:** Antiplatelets, statins, and antihypertensives.
* **Surgical:** Angioplasty, stenting, and bypass grafting.
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